When it comes to famous road trips, travelers might first think of Australia’s Great Ocean Road or iconic routes like Route 66 in the United States. But China, with its vastness and cultural depth, offers its own extraordinary journeys, which are becoming increasingly popular among those seeking to experience its rich heritage and diverse scenery.
China’s highways are more than just thoroughfares — they are gateways to centuries of history, vibrant culture, and stunning landscapes. These roads invite travelers to embark on epic journeys through modern cities, serene villages, and natural wonders.
Here, we explore two epic road trips through China — National Highway 312 (G312) and National Highway 108 (G108) — which highlight the fascinating contrasts of the country.
National Highway 312 (G312): From Shanghai to Lanzhou
National Highway 312 (G312) stretches almost 5,000 kilometers from the lively People’s Square in Shanghai to the remote expanses of western China, passing through nine provinces and regions, including Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Ningxia, and Gansu. Developed in the 1950s, G312 has long been a vital corridor for trade and migration, connecting China’s industrialized eastern provinces with its more remote, resource-rich western regions. Completing the entire length of the highway, with time to truly explore its many highlights, would take around three to four weeks. For travelers with less time, focusing on specific segments offers a rewarding glimpse into the route’s essence without needing to cover the full distance.
One of the most accessible and rewarding sections begins on the outskirts of Shanghai, where the road quickly transitions from the city’s bustling energy to the quieter suburban landscapes. The highway winds toward Suzhou, renowned for its classical gardens, such as the famous Humble Administrator’s Garden and Lingering Garden. As the road continues west, Nanjing welcomes travelers into China’s dynastic history with sites such as Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, the resting place of Emperor Hongwu, surrounded by ancient ceremonial gates and statues. As a modern symbol of China’s resilience, the Nanjing Chang Jiang Bridge is another landmark along this route. This 300-kilometre stretch from Beijing to Nanjing can be explored leisurely in three or four days.
The section of the G312 between Xi’an and Lanzhou offers a longer journey, unfolding a beautiful mix of history and natural wonders. In Xi’an, once the ancient capital of China and a key stop on the Silk Road, travelers often stop to admire the Terracotta Army — where thousands of life-sized statues guard the tomb of China’s first emperor, Qin Shi Huang. Not far from there, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda stands as a towering symbol of Buddhist history, reflecting Xi’an’s significant role in the spread of Buddhism along the ancient trade routes. As the journey continues westward, the highway winds through the Qinling Mountains, a natural divide between China’s northern and southern climates, before reaching Tianshui, home to the Maijishan Grottoes, where intricate Buddhist carvings are embedded in dramatic cliffs.
Arriving in Lanzhou, a cultural gem along the ancient Silk Road, visitors enjoy breathtaking views of the Yellow River, as well as its famous hand-pulled noodles. This 700-kilometre stretch between Xi’an and Lanzhou presents a five- to six-day road trip, rich in history and natural beauty.
National Highway 108 (G108): From Beijing to Yunnan
National Highway 108 (G108) is a vital north-south artery in China, connecting the capital Beijing through Chengdu to Kunming in Yunnan Province. Dating back to the 1950s, G108 has not only facilitated the movement of people and goods but also played a key role in the cultural exchanges between different regions of China. Spanning 3,300 kilometers, G108 winds its way through multiple provinces, providing a fascinating cross-section of China’s landscapes, cultures, and traditions.
Starting in Beijing, the journey begins amidst the historical grandeur of China’s capital. The city’s storied landmarks, such as the Forbidden City and the Great Wall, offer a glimpse into China’s enduring past. Leaving the capital, the road meanders through Hebei’s varied terrain, with expansive plains giving way to rugged mountains. The highway then travels through Shanxi, where the golden tones of the Loess Plateau create a striking landscape.
As the highway climbs further west, it passes through the dramatic Qinling Mountains of Shaanxi, a natural fortress that marks the transition between northern and southern China. The high mountain passes lead into Sichuan, a province known for its vibrant culture, dramatic landscapes, and towering peaks.
The final leg of the G108 road trip culminates in Yunnan, a province deeply influenced by its ethnic minorities. Here, the scenery shifts to lush rainforests, mountains, and lakes. The region’s rich cultural heritage stands in stark contrast to the northern provinces, making for an unforgettable road trip destination. Overall, the road trip from Beijing to Yunnan takes about six days, allowing for a leisurely pace with plenty of time to soak in the changing landscapes along the way.
It is worth noting that while the G312 is a history lover’s dream, the G108 offers a culinary adventure that mirrors the diversity of China’s landscapes. Start in Beijing with its world-famous Peking Duck, then travel through Shanxi, known for its hand-cut noodles, before sampling the hearty dishes of Shaanxi, such as biangbiang noodles and yangrou paomo (lamb soup with pita bread). In Sichuan, expect bold, spicy flavors laden with chili peppers and garlic, while in Yunnan, a fusion of Han Chinese and ethnic minority flavors awaits, offering a tantalizing range from mild to fiery dishes.
For those interested in exploring any of these diverse destinations, our travel designers are available to offer expert advice and help plan a personalized trip.
By Shirley Peng and Gabrielle Keepfer
